{"id":332,"date":"2014-03-27T14:59:44","date_gmt":"2014-03-27T13:59:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/s519078666.onlinehome.fr\/?page_id=332"},"modified":"2014-09-03T16:15:33","modified_gmt":"2014-09-03T15:15:33","slug":"oeil-et-retine","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.stargardt.fr\/test\/comprendre-la-maladie-de-stargardt-maladie-orpheline\/oeil-et-retine\/","title":{"rendered":"La r\u00e9tine"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>R\u00f4le des photor\u00e9cepteurs et de la macula<\/h2>\n<p><strong>La r\u00e9tine tapisse le fond de l\u2019\u0153il; elle est compos\u00e9e de plusieurs couches cellulaires. La lumi\u00e8re rentre et tape la derni\u00e8re couche, l\u2019\u00e9pith\u00e9lium pigmentaire r\u00e9tinien, ensuite elle est capt\u00e9e par des cellules r\u00e9ceptives \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re appel\u00e9es photor\u00e9cepteurs qui convertissent le signal lumineux en signal \u00e9lectrique. Ce dernier est transmis par le nerf optique au cerveau qui transforme l\u2019information \u00e9lectrique en \u00ab\u00a0image\u00a0\u00bb.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>L\u2019\u00e9pith\u00e9lium pigmentaire r\u00e9tinien<\/h3>\n<p>L\u2019\u00e9pith\u00e9lium pigmentaire r\u00e9tinien (EPR) est une couche cellulaire situ\u00e9e entre les photor\u00e9cepteurs et la choro\u00efde (partie comportant les vaisseaux de l\u2019\u0153il). Son r\u00f4le est de nourrir les photor\u00e9cepteurs.<\/p>\n<h3>Les photor\u00e9cepteurs<\/h3>\n<p>La r\u00e9tine est compos\u00e9e de 125 millions de photor\u00e9cepteurs qui existent sous deux formes\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>des b\u00e2tonnets (95 \u00e0 97 % des photor\u00e9cepteurs) impliqu\u00e9s dans la vision nocturne, permettent une vision en noir et blanc, assurent la d\u00e9tection des mouvements<\/li>\n<li>des c\u00f4nes (3 \u00e0 5 % des photor\u00e9cepteurs) impliqu\u00e9s dans la vision diurne (jour), permettent la vision en couleurs et la perception des d\u00e9tails et de la finesse des points sur lesquels se porte le regard.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Les couches cellulaires, photor\u00e9cepteurs et EPR, sont interd\u00e9pendantes\u00a0: si l\u2019une meurt, l\u2019autre meurt aussi.<\/p>\n<h3>La macula<\/h3>\n<p>La macula (macula lutea) est situ\u00e9e au fond de l\u2019\u0153il, au centre de la r\u00e9tine. Il s\u2019agit de la zone o\u00f9 les rayons de lumi\u00e8re se focalisent. Au centre de la macula, existe une d\u00e9pression appel\u00e9e fovea qui est compos\u00e9e uniquement de c\u00f4nes (cellules qui d\u00e9tectent la lumi\u00e8re) et constitue la zone d\u2019acuit\u00e9 visuelle (capacit\u00e9 et qualit\u00e9 de la vision). Autour de la fov\u00e9a, les b\u00e2tonnets pr\u00e9dominent.<\/p>\n<p>La macula intervient dans la vision centrale des \u00e9l\u00e9ments situ\u00e9s dans l\u2019axe du regard, dans la vision de d\u00e9tails (\u00e9criture, lecture, d\u00e9tails des visages\u2026), et dans la capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 d\u00e9terminer les couleurs.<\/p>\n<div style=\"padding-bottom:20px; padding-top:10px;\" class=\"hupso-share-buttons\"><!-- Hupso Share Buttons - https:\/\/www.hupso.com\/share\/ --><a class=\"hupso_toolbar\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hupso.com\/share\/\"><img src=\"http:\/\/static.hupso.com\/share\/buttons\/lang\/fr\/share.png\" rel=\"PrettyPhoto[332]\" style=\"border:0px; padding-top: 5px; float:left;\" alt=\"Share Button\"\/><\/a><script type=\"text\/javascript\">var hupso_services_t=new Array(\"Twitter\",\"Facebook\",\"Google Plus\");var hupso_background_t=\"#EAF4FF\";var hupso_border_t=\"#66CCFF\";var hupso_toolbar_size_t=\"big\";var hupso_image_folder_url = \"\";var hupso_url_t=\"\";var hupso_title_t=\"La%20r%C3%A9tine\";<\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"http:\/\/static.hupso.com\/share\/js\/share_toolbar.js\"><\/script><!-- Hupso Share Buttons --><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>R\u00f4le des photor\u00e9cepteurs et de la macula La r\u00e9tine tapisse le fond de l\u2019\u0153il; elle est compos\u00e9e de plusieurs couches cellulaires. La lumi\u00e8re rentre et tape la derni\u00e8re couche, l\u2019\u00e9pith\u00e9lium pigmentaire r\u00e9tinien, ensuite elle est capt\u00e9e par des cellules r\u00e9ceptives \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re appel\u00e9es photor\u00e9cepteurs qui convertissent le signal lumineux en signal \u00e9lectrique. Ce dernier&#8230;<\/p>\n<div style=\"padding-bottom:20px; padding-top:10px;\" class=\"hupso-share-buttons\"><!-- Hupso Share Buttons - https:\/\/www.hupso.com\/share\/ --><a class=\"hupso_toolbar\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hupso.com\/share\/\"><img src=\"http:\/\/static.hupso.com\/share\/buttons\/lang\/fr\/share.png\" style=\"border:0px; padding-top: 5px; float:left;\" alt=\"Share Button\"\/><\/a><script type=\"text\/javascript\">var hupso_services_t=new Array(\"Twitter\",\"Facebook\",\"Google Plus\");var hupso_background_t=\"#EAF4FF\";var hupso_border_t=\"#66CCFF\";var hupso_toolbar_size_t=\"big\";var hupso_image_folder_url = \"\";var hupso_url_t=\"\";var hupso_title_t=\"La%20r%C3%A9tine\";<\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"http:\/\/static.hupso.com\/share\/js\/share_toolbar.js\"><\/script><!-- Hupso Share Buttons --><\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":301,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>La r\u00e9tine - Nouveau site test<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La r\u00e9tine tapisse le fond de l\u2019\u0153il. 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